The SVG (Static Var Generator) operates by connecting a voltage-source converter (VSC), composed of a self-commutated bridge circuit using IGBT devices, in parallel with the power grid through a transformer or reactor. By controlling the switching of the IGBT modules, the DC voltage is converted into an AC output with adjustable amplitude and phase.
For an ideal SVG with negligible active power loss, reactive power compensation is achieved solely by adjusting the output voltage amplitude:
SVG systems are categorized into:
The choice of connection depends on the grid voltage level at the point of interconnection and the required compensation capacity. The system uses a cascaded H-bridge topology, and the connection structure can be configured as either star (Y) or delta (Δ), depending on application requirements.